Infertility
According to the World Health Organization's definition, a diagnosis of infertility is made when a sexually active, non-contracepting couple fails to achieve pregnancy within one year. This is a serious pathology that affects approximately 15% of couples worldwide and can have many causes and consequences.
Infertility can be primary (if the woman has never been pregnant) or secondary.
Factors of infertility
Occurs when there is absence or obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Because of this, sperm cannot reach the egg, so conception does not occur. To diagnose this type of infertility, hysterosalpingography (X-ray method for checking tubal patency), echohysterosalpingography (ultrasound method for checking tubal patency), and laparoscopy may be used.
The main causes of male infertility are: neuropsychiatric factors, congenital anomalies, genetic causes, infections, intoxications, environmental influences such as radiation, exposure to high or low temperatures, medication use, alcohol, drugs. The primary test for identifying this factor is a semen analysis (spermiogram).
Not associated with dysfunction of any organs or systems, doctors call it functional infertility. It usually occurs due to disruptions in the nervous system as a result of experienced stress, fear of responsibility for the future child, or problems in family relationships between husband and wife.
This type of infertility occurs when women have pathology, structural abnormalities, or absence of the uterus. For a long time, it was believed that such women could not become mothers, but today this problem can be solved with the help of assisted reproductive technologies and surrogacy.
To detect uterine pathology, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs using 3D technology is used, and, if necessary, hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.
Associated with disruptions in the endocrine system. Hormonal imbalance affects the formation, development, and maturation of germ cells. In this case, ovulation may not occur, and eggs ready for fertilization are not produced, so pregnancy does not occur.
This is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It leads to impaired sperm transport through the fallopian tubes and/or implantation of the gestational sac, which is why pregnancy does not develop.
Older women experience anovulatory cycles, so the fusion of egg and sperm does not occur. Also, upon reaching the age of 35, the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo increases significantly.
When a couple has reproductive system disorders in both partners
Of unknown origin
Idiopathic infertility is difficult to diagnose and treat. It is rare.
Often we observe combined factors not only in the couple but also in the woman. Many factors respond well to medical correction, so it is important to seek medical care in a timely manner for treatment.